SUNx Malta Climate Friendly Travel
Annual Report 2021
DASH-2-ZERO RESPONDING TO CODE RED
This is the second annual Climate Friendly Travel Report”
Prepared by SUN Malta
SUNx Malta is an NGO created in 2019 by GGTI (Green Growth & Travelism Institute, Brussels) and Malta's Ministry for Tourism & Consumer Protection / Tourism Authority. It is a legacy for Maurice Strong, Climate and Sustainability trailblazer, half a century ago. Its 1st Annual Climate Friendly Travel (CFT) Ambition Report was launched on the sidelines of the September 2019 UN General Assembly and in conjunction with an inaugural Strong Climate Event. Its goal was to support the transformation to Tomorrow's Climate Economy by 2050.
Since then, it has become increasingly clear that the Climate Crisis is intensifying much faster than previously recognised and that the devastating floods, fires, hurricanes, and droughts of 2021 are a clear sign of the need for all human activity to be even more rapidly transformed to clean energy systems and resilience dramatically strengthened. A point underscored by the IPCC 6th Assessment Report issued in August 2021.
Travel & Tourism as a leading socio-economic driver will be at the forefront of the change and our concept of Climate Friendly Travel DASH-2-Zero can play an important role as a catalyst for rapid change and a conduit to the global UN led 2030/2050 Green and Clean Roadmap for Humanity. In developing DASH-2-ZERO, we have reflected:
We strongly believe this adds the "Precautionary Principle" to the Glasgow Tourism Climate Declaration - going further, faster - calling for Net Zero Carbon in 2030 and No Greenhouse Gases by 2050. We have also put in place support systems to help Tourism Stakeholders achieve climate resilience now and reduce emissions rapidly.
SUNx Malta has also laid out its own Decade Vision, which targets 10,000 Registered Companies and 1000 Communities by 2030, as well as 100,000 Strong Climate Champions to support the transformation.
This 2nd Report published in October 2021, identifies the challenges and opportunities contained in the intensifying SDG 2030 and Paris 2050 targets, against this DASH-2-Zero perspective.
DASH-2-ZERO RESPONDING TO CODE RED
DASH-2-Zero Responding to Code Red
DASH-2-Zero
We are taking the high ground in support of science, focused on the next generation. Promoting Climate Friendly Travel-2-Zero - low carbon: SDG linked: Paris 1.5. But going further: faster. From Net Zero carbon 2030 to Zero GHG 2050. We call it our DASH-2-Zero initiative: Declare - Act - Support - Hope. We underpin this vision with concrete programs to help company and community change
Climate Friendly Travel to Zero
On World Environment Day, SUNx Malta announced its Climate Friendly Travel to Zero flagship initiative, aligned with the UN Race to Zero. Based on the latest science, a 2050 target of Zero Greenhouse Gas (GHG) is the minimum ultimately needed to beat the existential Climate Crisis. By advocating a Zero GHG 2050 target we take the direct line to the UN Paris 1.5 goal. Starting now.
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Report References
LIST of Reports/sources Consulted for 2021 CFT Annual Ambitions Report
UN
WMO – state of the global climate 2020
https://public.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/climate/wmo-statement-state-of-global-climate
UNEP - Emissions Gap Report
https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020
Global Methane assessment
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/35917/GMA_ES.pdf
Production Gap Report
https://productiongap.org/2020report/
IPCC
IPCC SR1.5°C
IPCC 6th Assessement Report
– The Working Group I report Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. The Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) as well as additional materials and information https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
Countries climate plans
https://climateactiontracker.org/
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/ndc-synthesis-report
USA commitments
https://joebiden.com/climate-plan/
https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-officially-rejoins-the-paris-agreement/
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/
https://joebiden.com/clean-energy/
European Union commitments
https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/eu-climate-action/2030_ctp_en
China commitments
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1817098.shtml
G7 commitments
https://www.g7uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Carbis-Bay-G7-Summit-Communique-PDF-430KB-25-pages-5.pdf
EPA
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
NOAA Global Climate Report
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/202013
NASA Global Climate
CO2 records
http://www.sealevel.info/co2.html
GHG emissions data
https://ourworldindata.org/greenhouse-gas-emissions
https://www.wri.org/insights/4-charts-explain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-countries-and-sectors
https://www.climatewatchdata.org/
https://www.wri.org/insights/interactive-chart-shows-changes-worlds-top-10-emitters
IEA - https://www.iea.org/
https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2020
https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2021/co2-emissions
OECD -
https://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/oecdenvironmentaloutlookto2050theconsequencesofinaction-keyfactsandfigures.htm
Carney Taskforce on scaling voluntary markets
https://www.iif.com/Portals/1/Files/TSVCM_Report.pdf
https://www.iif.com/Portals/1/Files/TSVCM_Summary.pdf
ICAO
https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/CORSIA-News.aspx
IMO
https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-ships.aspx
https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Environment/Documents/Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020 Executive-Summary.pdf
Aviation commitments
https://eturbonews.com/3001830/the-age-of-zero-emission-aviation-startups/
https://www.sustainable.aero/mapping-sustainable-aviation-startups
Airbus/Boeing/Oneworld
https://www.airbus.com/company/sustainability/environment/climate-change/decarbonisation.html
https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-boeing-biofuels-idINKBN29R2CP
https://www.oneworld.com/news/2020-09-11-oneworld-member-airlines-commit-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions-by-2050
Mckinsey Climate risk & response
https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/our insights/climate risk and response physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts/mgi-climate-risk-and-response-full-report-vf.pdf
https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/our insights/climate risk and response physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts/mgi-climate-risk-and-response-executive-summary-vf.pdf
Antarctic melting
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210430165912.htm
G20 subsidies for Fossil fuels post pandemic
https://www.climate-transparency.org/g20-climate-performance/the-climate-transparency-report-2020 - 1531904263713-04b62b8d-e708
Norway EV 2025 policy
https://elbil.no/english/norwegian-ev-policy/
KPMG - Beyond Covid- 19: Rise of Domestic travel and tourism in Australia
https://home.kpmg/au/en/home/insights/2020/12/beyond-covid-19-rise-of-domestic-travel-tourism-australia.html
ITF Transport Outlook 2021
https://www.itf-oecd.org/itf-transport-outlook-2021
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/55d4f157-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/55d4f157-en
References for 2021 CFT Annual report statements
Global Events
¬ US re-joins Paris Climate Agreement - Targets Net Carbon Zero 2050
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/02/04/u-s-rejoins-paris-agreement/
https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-officially-rejoins-the-paris-agreement/
https://joebiden.com/climate-plan/
¬ EU Green Deal for 55% CO2 Reduction by 2030 & Net GHG Zero 2050
https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/eu-climate-action/2030_ctp_en
https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/eu/
¬ China commits to peak emissions by 2030, with Net Carbon Zero 2060
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1817098.shtml
https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/22/china-pledges-to-reach-carbon-neutrality-before-2060
¬ G7 commits to Net Zero
https://www.g7uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Carbis-Bay-G7-Summit-Communique-PDF-430KB-25-pages-5.pdf
https://energymonitor.ai/policy/net-zero-policy/how-far-along-are-the-g7-nations-in-their-journeys-to-net-zero
¬ Dutch Government Court conviction for failing to deliver on Climate targets
https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2021:5339
¬ Rogue Climate Activist Directors elected to Exxon Board
https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/shareholder-activism-reaches-milestone-exxon-board-vote-nears-end-2021-05-26/
¬ Carney Task Force calls for radically stronger financial Climate regulations
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/17/regulate-business-to-tackle-climate-crisis-urges-mark-carney
https://www.climatechangenews.com/2021/01/27/carneys-carbon-offset-taskforce-ducks-environmental-integrity-questions/
¬ IPCC Assessment Report 6 – UNSG says a Code Red for Humanity
- The Working Group I report Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis is the first instalment of the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), which will be completed in 2022.
The Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) as well as additional materials and information are available at https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
The report was based on input from 234 authors from 66 countries (31 coordinating authors, 167 lead authors, 36 review editors plus 517 contributing authors).
¬ July 2021 hottest month ever recorded in hottest year ever.
NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Global Climate Report (NASA says 2019 july was slightly higher) But even more surprising due to La NIna global cooling event
https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/08/july-2021-was-earths-warmest-month-in-recorded-history-says-noaa/
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate: Global Climate Report for July 2021, published online August 2021, retrieved on August 20, 2021 from https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/202107.
¬ Siberian wildfires bigger than all other global wildfires combined
https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/49171/russia-record-breaking-fires-siberia/
¬ ICAO CORSIA Carbon Offset & Reduction for International Aviation initiated
https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/CORSIA-News.aspx
https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/default.aspx
¬ Airbus & Boeing commit to non fossil-fuel propulsion post 2030
https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-boeing-biofuels-idINKBN29R2CP
https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2020/09/airbus-reveals-new-zeroemission-concept-aircraft.html
https://www.airbus.com/company/sustainability/environment/climate-change/decarbonisation.html
¬ One World first airline alliance to go Net Carbon Zero 2050
https://www.oneworld.com/news/2020-09-11-oneworld-member-airlines-commit-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions-by-2050
https://www.oneworld.com/sustainability
US Government & Airlines go for Net Zero Emissions 2050
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/09/fact-sheet-biden-administration-advances-the-future-of-sustainable-fuels-in-american-aviation/
Climate research at a glance
¬ The planet warmed by 1.1°C since 1880. This is by far the highest rate of warming in the past 65 million years. In general, the land increased more, the oceans less, the arctic increased by more than 4°C.
https://theconversation.com/the-arctic-hasnt-been-this-warm-for-3-million-years-and-that-foreshadows-big-changes-for-the-rest-of-the-planet-144544
https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/glacier-melt-and-arctic-change-affects-globe
¬ The year 2020 is tied with 2016 as the warmest year on record, with wildfires, droughts, storms, and glacier melt intensifying.
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/2020-tied-for-warmest-year-on-record-nasa-analysis-shows
https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20210114b/
¬ Despite a brief dip in CO2 emissions due to COVID-19, the world is still heading for a temperature rise in excess of 3°C this century – far beyond the Paris Agreement goals of limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C.
https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020
¬ Methane, one of the most potent greenhouse gases is at its highest atmospheric level in 800,000 years
https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/key-greenhouse-gases-higher-than-any-time-over-last-800-000-years
¬ In North America, a majority -- 14% of total methane emissions -- come from the oil and gas production followed by livestock at 10%. In China, coal mining is the biggest methane driver, contributing 24% to total emissions.
https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/scientists-say-this-invisible-gas-could-seal-our-fate-on-climate-change-1.5543003
¬ The levels of ambition in the Paris Agreement must be roughly tripled for the 2°C pathway and increased at least fivefold for the 1.5°C pathway.
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/green-pandemic-recovery-essential-close-climate-action-gap-un-report
https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020
¬ Government pledges under the Paris Agreement, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), are still inadequate to meet the Paris targets.
https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published
https://unfccc.int/news/full-ndc-synthesis-report-some-progress-but-still-a-big-concern
¬ Carney Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets calls for $100 billion a year carbon offset market.
https://www.iif.com/Portals/1/Files/TSVCM_Report.pdf?_cldee=Y2ZAY2xpbWF0ZWhvbWVuZXdzLmNvbQ==&recipientid=contact-0a171530e312eb1180ec000d3a0ee828-ebe91636ad3144ad9f3c07dc18a5cafb&utm_source=ClickDimensions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Press Emails&esid=f
¬ Measures to prioritise include direct support for zero-emissions technologies and infrastructure, reducing fossil fuel subsidies, no new coal plants, and promoting nature-based solutions – such as largescale landscape restoration and reforestation.
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/green-pandemic-recovery-essential-close-climate-action-gap-un-report
https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020
¬ 126 countries covering 51% of global greenhouse gas emissions adopted, announced, or are considering Net Zero goals. With the US adopting a net-zero target by 2050, the share would increase to 63%.
https://www.carbonbrief.org/unep-net-zero-pledges-provide-an-opening-to-close-growing-emissions-gap
https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
https://ca1-eci.edcdn.com/reports/ECIU-Oxford_Taking_Stock.pdf?mtime=20210323005817&focal=none
¬ More countries need to develop long-term strategies consistent with the Paris Agreement, and new and updated NDCs need to become consistent with the NetZero emissions goals.
https://unfccc.int/news/full-ndc-synthesis-report-some-progress-but-still-a-big-concern
https://www.wri.org/climate/what-long-term-strategy
¬ The shipping and aviation industries, which account for 5% of global emissions, also require immediate action. If current trends continue, combined international emissions from shipping and aviation will likely consume between 60 and 220% of allowable CO2 emissions by 2050 under the 1.5°C scenario.
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/1966/htm
https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020
¬ Improvements in technology and operations can improve the fuel efficiency of transport if incentivised, but projected increases in demand mean this will not result in decarbonisation and absolute reductions of CO2. Both sectors (shipping & aviation) need to combine energy efficiency with a rapid transition away from fossil fuel. Additional policies are required to drive changes in technology, operations, fuel use and demand.
¬ Climate Risks manifest locally. There are differences in risk levels between countries and within countries. Climate Science confirms that further warming and risk increase can only be stopped by achieving zero net greenhouse gas emissions.
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/climate-risk-and-response-physical-hazards-and-socioeconomic-impacts
¬ Physical Risk from Climate Change is increasing across virtually all states and income groups, with the poorest dramatically more exposed.
https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/our insights/climate risk and response physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts/mgi-climate-risk-and-response-executive-summary-vf.pdf
¬ The pace and scale of Corporate Risk Reduction will have to be considerably increased to manage rising levels of physical Climate risk. Adaptation will mean tough choices between hardening climate response systems or relocation.
https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/our insights/climate risk and response physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts/mgi-climate-risk-and-response-executive-summary-vf.pdf
NUMBERS – THE GOOD: THE BAD: THE UGLY
¬ 30% greater sea level rise, from melting of Antarctic Ice sheet
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210430165912.htm
¬ 50% reduction in CO2 from 2005 US target for 2030 carbon reduction
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/
¬ 10 Years to get on track for Paris 1.5 starting now.
https://unfccc.int/news/cut-global-emissions-by-76-percent-every-year-for-next-decade-to-meet-15degc-paris-target-un-report
¬ 55% EU Carbon Reduction by 2030
https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal_en
https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2050_en
¬ 2060 China commits to Climate Neutral goal
https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/09/22/xi-jinping-china-will-achieve-carbon-neutrality-2060/
https://chinadialogue.net/en/climate/researchers-unveil-roadmap-for-a-carbon-neutral-china-by-2060/
https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1073052
¬ 2035 Airbus targets zero carbon aircraft
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27102020/hydrogen-fueled-aircraft-clean-energy-emissions/
¬ $2 trillion in Biden Harris plan to make buildings zero carbon
https://joebiden.com/clean-energy/
¬ 50% of global CO2 from 5 states – US, China, EU, Japan & Korea
https://www.wri.org/insights/interactive-chart-shows-changes-worlds-top-10-emitters
https://www.climatewatchdata.org/
¬ 30 gigawatt solar-wind farm in India - as big as Singapore.
https://cleantechnica.com/2020/12/17/largest-renewable-energy-project-in-world-will-be-30-gigawatt-solar-wind-project-in-india/
¬ 70% drop in US Utility Battery Storage Costs 2015-2018
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=45596
¬ $116 million – new pledges to Climate Adaptation Fund for poorest
https://sdg.iisd.org/news/adaptation-fund-raises-usd-116-million-in-new-pledges/
https://www.adaptation-fund.org/adaptation-fund-raises-nearly-us-116-million-in-new-pledges-for-adaptation-action-in-most-vulnerable-countries/
¬ 7.2 metres – global sea level rise when Greenland icecap melts
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20011-8
https://www.carbonbrief.org/new-climate-models-suggest-faster-melting-of-the-greenland-ice-sheet
¬ 62% of greenhouse gases come from Fossil Fuel extraction and use
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions
¬ 140 years of accurate records exist for earth carbon measurement
https://www.wri.org/insights/history-carbon-dioxide-emissions
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-decade-we-finally-woke-up-to-climate-change
¬ 2% per year increase projected for fossil fuel production 2021 onwards
https://productiongap.org/2020report/
¬ 6% per year decrease in fossil fuel production to meet Paris 1.5
https://productiongap.org/2020report/
¬ 1.1o is where we already stand on the Paris 1.5 trajectory.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/
https://enb.iisd.org/climate/IPCC/IPCC-54-WGI-14/summary
¬ $20 billion G20 post–pandemic subsidies to fossil fuel companies
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/20/g20-states-subsidised-fossil-fuels-2015-coal-oil-gas-cliamte-crisis
https://chinadialogue.net/en/climate/g20-stimulus-plans-favouring-fossil-fuels/
https://www.climate-transparency.org/g20-climate-performance/the-climate-transparency-report-2020 - 1531904263713-04b62b8d-e708
https://www.climate-transparency.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Climate-Transparency-Report-2020.pdf
¬ 2025 only electric and hydrogen cars to be sold in Norway
https://elbil.no/english/norwegian-ev-policy/
¬ $7 trillion for climate investment from world’s top investor Blackrock
https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/about-us/our-2020-sustainability-actions
¬ 3-6o OECD projected global temperature growth by end of century
https://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/oecdenvironmentaloutlookto2050theconsequencesofinaction-keyfactsandfigures.htm
¬ 415 ppm of CO2 in earth’s atmosphere in 2021, cf. 386 ppm in 2009
http://www.sealevel.info/co2.html
https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide
https://earthbound.report/2010/11/26/co2-concentrations-at-386-8ppm/
¬ 76% of greenhouse gases are CO2
https://ourworldindata.org/greenhouse-gas-emissions
2016 breakdown of global emissions - CO2 74.4%
¬ 24% of greenhouse gases are Methane, Nitrogen & Sulphur based
https://ourworldindata.org/greenhouse-gas-emissions
2016 breakdown of global emissions - Methane 17.3%, Nitrous oxide 6.2%, Sulphur based 2.1% - total 25.6
200 Health Care Journals call for accelerated climate action
https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n2177
https://www.euronews.com/next/2021/09/06/more-than-200-medical-journals-call-for-emergency-action-on-catastrophic-climate-change
CFT Annual Report 2019 - References
Science reports
https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=5789
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2018: Global Warming of 1.5 °C – An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty
1 trillion euro /year needed in Climate response finance
https://www.ceres.org/initiatives/clean-trillion
https://www.pacte-climat.net/en/
Page 4
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2019.pdf
Polar ice melting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMuz_21RLE8
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02653-x
Greenland lost 11 billion tons of ice in a day july 2019
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/11-billion-tons-of-ice-melted-greenland-just-one-day/
https://www.arctictoday.com/greenland-just-lost-more-than-12-billion-tons-of-ice-in-a-single-day/
Siberian forest fires, Aug 2019
https://phys.org/news/2019-07-image-siberian-wildfires-orbit.html
https://phys.org/news/2019-07-siberia-forest-potential-disaster-arctic.html
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49125391
http://m.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2019/07/Siberian_wildfires
Permafrost melting the size of Belgium, methane gas release
https://www.france24.com/en/video/20190801-ecological-disaster-russia-battles-siberia-wildfires
https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2018/01/11/thawing-permafrost-matters/
Food Chain Risks
http://www.fao.org/3/b-i6538e.pdf
http://www.fao.org/resilience/resources/resources-detail/en/c/1180172/
https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/02/1033331
https://phys.org/news/2019-05-climate-affecting-global-food-productionunequally.html
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
https://www.ipcc.ch/2019/08/08/land-is-a-critical-resource_srccl/
Migration and Climate Change
Paris Accord
https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-the-paris-agreement-on-climate-change
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf
Annual global "tolerable carbon emissions target surpassed after 3/4 year
https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-much-carbon-budget-is-left-to-limit-global-warming-to-1-5c
https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions
https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/all-the-worlds-carbon-emissions-in-one-chart/
https://www.iea.org/geco/emissions/
Page 6
UNWTO - 5% total global emissions, aviation, cars, accommodation, others
Climate Change and Tourism: Responding to Global Challenges”, UNEP and UNWTO, 2007
http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/climate2008.pdf
http://sdt.unwto.org/content/faq-climate-change-and-tourism
Predicted increase in growth in T&T
http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_barometer_jan19_presentation_en.pdf
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Cities Coalitions
https://urbantransitions.global/
https://www.climatealliance.org/home.html
Business Coalitions
https://www.wemeanbusinesscoalition.org/
http://globalbusinesscoalition.org/gbc-overview/#
UN Global Compact
https://www.unglobalcompact.org/
ICLEI Local Authorities
Carbon neutral cities
https://carbonneutralcities.org/https://www.unglobalcompact.org/
We are still in coalition - US cities &States still committed to Paris Accord
https://www.wearestillin.com/news/september-2019
https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/
ICLEI US - greenhouse Gas Protocol
http://icleiusa.org/ghg-protocols/
IETA
WEF article on combination of measures on tax and incentives for carbon offset and trading
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/09/everything-you-need-to-know-about-carbon-trading/
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Carbon measurement systems
http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/call_for_action_filipinas.pdf
http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/decladavose.pdf
http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/docuconfrontinge.pdf
UNWTO
World Tourism Organization (2019), International Tourism Highlights, 2019 Edition, UNWTO, Madrid, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284421152
http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/folderfactsheetweb.pdf
http://statistics.unwto.org/mstconference
UNEP
http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/WEBx0016xPA-TourismFootprint.pdf
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/27538/Frontiers1819.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://www.unenvironment.org/
WMO
https://www.bipm.org/ws/BIPM/WMO-BIPM/Allowed/Plenary_lectures/01.01-Zhang.pdf
Australian Academics Manfred Lenzen et al.;
https://phys.org/news/2018-05-global-tourism-carbon-footprint-quantified.html
Manfred Lenzen et al, The carbon footprint of global tourism, Nature Climate Change (2018). DOI: 10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x
http://forestpolicypub.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/TourismCarbonFootprint_maintext.pdf
CORSIA
https://www.greenaironline.com/news.php?viewStory=2629
https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Documents/ICAO%20document%2009.pdf
https://www.icsa-aviation.org/understanding-the-corsia-package/
IMO
http://www.imo.org/fr/Pages/Default.aspx
https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/imo-agrees-to-co2-emissions-target
ACI
https://www.greenaironline.com/news.php?viewStory=2610
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2019.1654255
https://www.carbonbrief.org/tourism-responsible-for-8-of-global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-study-finds
major potential of hotels to stimulate local reponses w/in destination communities
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UNWTO and OECD common stat basis from existing tourism and environmental satellite accounts methodology from Canada,sweden & NZ
http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/factsheet_june2015.pdf
http://statistics.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/tsa_data.pdf
http://www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism/tourism-statistics.htm
SDGs
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgsummit
WEF 4IR
https://www.weforum.org/focus/fourth-industrial-revolution
https://www.weforum.org/projects/fourth-industrial-revolution-and-environment-the-stanford-dialogues
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpW9JcWxKq0&feature=youtu.be
Transhuman code
https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL5WW3f45kHqiBy8uCEWuvaG7XWY9Rm3t-&v=wKMWH7FRsWo
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ATAG 2000 successful synthetic fuel flights
https://www.atag.org/our-activities/sustainable-aviation-fuels.html
https://aviationbenefits.org/media/166152/beginners-guide-to-saf_web.pdf
https://simpleflying.com/sustainable-jet-fuel/
https://www.icao.int/Meetings/A40/Documents/WP/wp_561_en.pdf
https://icsa-aviation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sustainable-Alternative-Fuels-for-Aviation.pdf
https://icsa-aviation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CAN-ICSA-Aviation-TD-submission.pdf
Fossil fuel companies with 14% of their business in aviation and maritime energy
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter8.pdf
huge potentials in energy efficiency & renewable energy for hotels, electric cars, boats, trains and buses, even short haul aircraft & hyperloops.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677X.2017.1421994
Hydrogen planes - moonshot fuel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HWG54WVpBA
https://www.greenaironline.com/news.php?viewStory=2627
Artificial intelligence and new battery storage systems provide massive opportunity as costs decrease and efficiency ramps up
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190513155656.htm
https://goexplorer.org/ai-improves-efficiency-of-renewable-energy-storage/
Nature-based solutions offer enormous potential on a planetary scale.
https://www.iucn.org/regions/europe/our-work/nature-based-solutions
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Relative papers on 2019 program SUNx available on website